Django中使用 Closure Table 储存无限分级数据

这篇文章给大家介绍Django中使用 Closure Table 储存无限分级数据，具体内容如下所述：

起步
对于数据量大的情况（比如用户之间有邀请链，有点三级分销的意思），就要用到 closure table 的结构来进行存储。那么在 Django 中如何处理这个结构的模型呢？
定义模型
至少是要两个模型的，一个是存储分类，一个储存分类之间的关系：

class Category(models.Model):
 name = models.CharField(max_length=31)
 def __str__(self):
 return self.name
class CategoryRelation(models.Model):
 ancestor = models.ForeignKey(Category, null=True, related_name='ancestors', on_delete=models.SET_NULL, db_constraint=False, verbose_name='祖先')
 descendant = models.ForeignKey(Category,null=True, related_name='descendants', on_delete=models.SET_NULL,
   db_constraint=False, verbose_name='子孙')
 distance = models.IntegerField()
 class Meta:
 unique_together = ("ancestor", "descendant")

数据操作

获得所有后代节点

class Category(models.Model):
 ...
 def get_descendants(self, include_self=False):
 """获得所有后代节点"""
 kw = {
 'descendants__ancestor' : self
 }
 if not include_self:
 kw['descendants__distance__gt'] = 0
 qs = Category.objects.filter(**kw).order_by('descendants__distance')
 return qs获得直属下级
class Category(models.Model):
 ...
 def get_children(self):
 """获得直属下级"""
 qs = Category.objects.filter(descendants__ancestor=self, descendants__distance=1)
 return qs

节点的移动

节点的移动是比较难的，在https://www.percona.com/blog/... 中讲述了，利用django能够执行原生的sql语句进行：

def add_child(self, child):
 """将某个分类加入本分类，"""
 if CategoryRelation.objects.filter(ancestor=child, descendant=self).exists() \
 or CategoryRelation.objects.filter(ancestor=self, descendant=child, distance=1).exists():
 """child不能是self的祖先节点 or 它们已经是父子节点"""
 return
 # 如果表中不存在节点自身数据
 if not CategoryRelation.objects.filter(ancestor=child, descendant=child).exists():
 CategoryRelation.objects.create(ancestor=child, descendant=child, distance=0)
 table_name = CategoryRelation._meta.db_table
 cursor = connection.cursor()
 cursor.execute(f"""
 DELETE a
 FROM
 {table_name} AS a
 JOIN {table_name} AS d ON a.descendant_id = d.descendant_id
 LEFT JOIN {table_name} AS x ON x.ancestor_id = d.ancestor_id
 AND x.descendant_id = a.ancestor_id
 WHERE
 d.ancestor_id = {child.id}
 AND x.ancestor_id IS NULL;
 """)
 cursor.execute(f"""
 INSERT INTO {table_name} (ancestor_id, descendant_id, distance)
 SELECT supertree.ancestor_id, subtree.descendant_id,
 supertree.distance+subtree.distance+1
 FROM {table_name} AS supertree JOIN {table_name} AS subtree
 WHERE subtree.ancestor_id = {child.id}
 AND supertree.descendant_id = {self.id};
 """)

节点删除

节点删除有两种操作，一个是将所有子节点也删除，另一个是将自己点移到上级节点中。

扩展阅读
https://www.percona.com/blog/...
http://technobytz.com/closure...
完整代码

class Category(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=31)
def __str__(self):
 return self.name
def get_descendants(self, include_self=False):
 """获得所有后代节点"""
 kw = {
 'descendants__ancestor' : self
 }
 if not include_self:
 kw['descendants__distance__gt'] = 0
 qs = Category.objects.filter(**kw).order_by('descendants__distance')
 return qs
def get_children(self):
 """获得直属下级"""
 qs = Category.objects.filter(descendants__ancestor=self, descendants__distance=1)
 return qs
def get_ancestors(self, include_self=False):
 """获得所有祖先节点"""
 kw = {
 'ancestors__descendant': self
 }
 if not include_self:
 kw['ancestors__distance__gt'] = 0
 qs = Category.objects.filter(**kw).order_by('ancestors__distance')
 return qs
def get_parent(self):
 """分类仅有一个父节点"""
 parent = Category.objects.get(ancestors__descendant=self, ancestors__distance=1)
 return parent
def get_parents(self):
 """分类仅有一个父节点"""
 qs = Category.objects.filter(ancestors__descendant=self, ancestors__distance=1)
 return qs
def remove(self, delete_subtree=False):
 """删除节点"""
 if delete_subtree:
 # 删除所有子节点
 children_queryset = self.get_descendants(include_self=True)
 for child in children_queryset:
 CategoryRelation.objects.filter(Q(ancestor=child) | Q(descendant=child)).delete()
 child.delete()
 else:
 # 所有子节点移到上级
 parent = self.get_parent()
 children = self.get_children()
 for child in children:
 parent.add_chile(child)
 # CategoryRelation.objects.filter(descendant=self, distance=0).delete()
 CategoryRelation.objects.filter(Q(ancestor=self) | Q(descendant=self)).delete()
 self.delete()
def add_child(self, child):
 """将某个分类加入本分类，"""
 if CategoryRelation.objects.filter(ancestor=child, descendant=self).exists() \
 or CategoryRelation.objects.filter(ancestor=self, descendant=child, distance=1).exists():
 """child不能是self的祖先节点 or 它们已经是父子节点"""
 return
 # 如果表中不存在节点自身数据
 if not CategoryRelation.objects.filter(ancestor=child, descendant=child).exists():
 CategoryRelation.objects.create(ancestor=child, descendant=child, distance=0)
 table_name = CategoryRelation._meta.db_table
 cursor = connection.cursor()
 cursor.execute(f"""
 DELETE a
 FROM
 {table_name} AS a
 JOIN {table_name} AS d ON a.descendant_id = d.descendant_id
 LEFT JOIN {table_name} AS x ON x.ancestor_id = d.ancestor_id
 AND x.descendant_id = a.ancestor_id
 WHERE
 d.ancestor_id = {child.id}
 AND x.ancestor_id IS NULL;
 """)
 cursor.execute(f"""
 INSERT INTO {table_name} (ancestor_id, descendant_id, distance)
 SELECT supertree.ancestor_id, subtree.descendant_id,
 supertree.distance+subtree.distance+1
 FROM {table_name} AS supertree JOIN {table_name} AS subtree
 WHERE subtree.ancestor_id = {child.id}
 AND supertree.descendant_id = {self.id};
 """)class CategoryRelation(models.Model): ancestor = models.ForeignKey(Category, null=True, related_name='ancestors', on_delete=models.SET_NULL, db_constraint=False, verbose_name='祖先') descendant = models.ForeignKey(Category,null=True, related_name='descendants', on_delete=models.SET_NULL, db_constraint=False, verbose_name='子孙') distance = models.IntegerField()
class Meta:
 unique_together = ("ancestor", "descendant")[1]: https://www.percona.com/blog/2011/02/14/moving-subtrees-in-closure-table/
 [2]: https://www.percona.com/blog/2011/02/14/moving-subtrees-in-closure-table/
 [3]: http://technobytz.com/closure_table_store_hierarchical_data.html

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