Spring Boot自动配置原理、实战 - HelloWorld开发者社区

Spring Boot自动配置原理

Spring Boot的自动配置注解是@EnableAutoConfiguration，从上面的@Import的类可以找到下面自动加载自动配置的映射。

org.springframework.core.io.support.SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(Class<?>, ClassLoader)
public static List<String> loadFactoryNames(Class<?> factoryClass, ClassLoader classLoader) {
String factoryClassName = factoryClass.getName();
try {
Enumeration<URL> urls = (classLoader != null ? classLoader.getResources(FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION) :
lassLoader.getSystemResources(FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION));
List<String> result = new ArrayList<String>();
while (urls.hasMoreElements()) {
URL url = urls.nextElement();
Properties properties = PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadProperties(new UrlResource(url));
String factoryClassNames = properties.getProperty(factoryClassName);
result.addAll(Arrays.asList(StringUtils.commaDelimitedListToStringArray(factoryClassNames)));
}
return result;
}
catch (IOException ex) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unable to load [" + factoryClass.getName() +
"] factories from location [" + FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION + "]", ex);
}
}

这个方法会加载类路径及所有jar包下META-INF/spring.factories配置中映射的自动配置的类。

/**
* The location to look for factories.
* <p>Can be present in multiple JAR files.
*/
public static final String FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION = "META-INF/spring.factories";

查看Spring Boot自带的自动配置的包： spring-boot-autoconfigure-1.5.6.RELEASE.jar，打开其中的META-INF/spring.factories文件会找到自动配置的映射。

# Auto Configure
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.admin.SpringApplicationAdminJmxAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.aop.AopAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.amqp.RabbitAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.batch.BatchAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.CacheAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cassandra.CassandraAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cloud.CloudAutoConfiguration,\
...

再来看看数据源自动配置的实现注解

@Configuration
@ConditionalOnClass({ DataSource.class, EmbeddedDatabaseType.class })
@EnableConfigurationProperties(DataSourceProperties.class)
@Import({ Registrar.class, DataSourcePoolMetadataProvidersConfiguration.class })
public class DataSourceAutoConfiguration {
...

@Configuration,@ConditionalOnClass就是自动配置的核心，首先它得是一个配置文件，其次根据类路径下是否有这个类去自动配置。

自动配置实战

所以，了解了自动配置的原理，来自己实现一个自动配置的玩意其实很简单。

添加配置类：

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.springframework.context.EnvironmentAware;
import org.springframework.core.env.Environment;
import com.oceanpayment.common.utils.logger.LoggerUtils;
public class EnvConfig implements EnvironmentAware {
private final Logger logger = LoggerUtils.getLogger(this);
private Environment env;
public String getStringValue(String key) {
return env.getProperty(key);
}
public Long getLongValue(String key) {
String value = getStringValue(key);
try {
return Long.parseLong(value);
} catch (Exception e) {
logger.error("字符串转换Long失败：{} = {}", key, value);
}
return 0L;
}
public int getIntValue(String key) {
return getLongValue(key).intValue();
}
@Override
public void setEnvironment(Environment environment) {
this.env = environment;
}
}

添加自动配置类：

import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnClass;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.core.env.PropertyResolver;
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnClass(PropertyResolver.class)
public class EnvAutoConfig {
@Bean
public EnvConfig envConfig() {
return new EnvConfig();
}
}

创建META-INF/spring.factories文件，添加自动配置映射：

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=\\
com.oceanpayment.common.config.env.EnvAutoConfig

这样就搞定了。

查看自动配置报告

怎么查看自己加的自动配置类有没有被加载，或者查看所有自动配置激活的和未激活的可以通过以下几种试查看。

spring-boot:run运行的在对话框Enviroment中加入debug=true变量
java -jar xx.jar --debug
main方法运行，在VM Argumanets加入-Ddebug
直接在application文件中加入debug=true
如果集成了spring-boot-starter-actuator监控，通过autoconfig端点也可以查看。

启动后会在控制台看到以下自动配置报告信息：

=========================
AUTO-CONFIGURATION REPORT
=========================
Positive matches:
-----------------
AopAutoConfiguration matched:
- @ConditionalOnClass found required classes 'org.springframework.context.annotation.EnableAspectJAutoProxy', 'org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect', 'org.aspectj.lang.reflect.Advice'; @ConditionalOnMissingClass did not find unwanted class (OnClassCondition)
- @ConditionalOnProperty (spring.aop.auto=true) matched (OnPropertyCondition)
...
EnvAutoConfig matched:
- @ConditionalOnClass found required class 'org.springframework.core.env.PropertyResolver'; @ConditionalOnMissingClass did not find unwanted class (OnClassCondition)
ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration matched:
- @ConditionalOnClass found required classes 'javax.servlet.Servlet', 'org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet'; @ConditionalOnMissingClass did not find unwanted class (OnClassCondition)
- @ConditionalOnWebApplication (required) found StandardServletEnvironment (OnWebApplicationCondition)
ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration#basicErrorController matched:
- @ConditionalOnMissingBean (types: org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.ErrorController; SearchStrategy: current) did not find any beans (OnBeanCondition)
...
Negative matches:
-----------------
ActiveMQAutoConfiguration:
Did not match:
- @ConditionalOnClass did not find required classes 'javax.jms.ConnectionFactory', 'org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory' (OnClassCondition)
AopAutoConfiguration.JdkDynamicAutoProxyConfiguration:
Did not match:
- @ConditionalOnProperty (spring.aop.proxy-target-class=false) found different value in property 'proxy-target-class' (OnPropertyCondition)
ArtemisAutoConfiguration:
Did not match:
- @ConditionalOnClass did not find required classes 'javax.jms.ConnectionFactory', 'org.apache.activemq.artemis.jms.client.ActiveMQConnectionFactory' (OnClassCondition)
BatchAutoConfiguration:
Did not match:
- @ConditionalOnClass did not find required class 'org.springframework.batch.core.launch.JobLauncher' (OnClassCondition)
...