2019-08-23 11:07:09
1. 项目创建
1.1 安装
下载.NETCORE SDK 进行安装
下载NETCORE RUNTIME进行安装.
下载Runtime & Hosting Bundle进行安装
下载地址:https://dotnet.microsoft.com/download/dotnet-core
微软的安装在windows方面很简单，基本就是一键安装.
1.2 开发工具
VisualStudio 2019
1.3建立项目工程
点击文件创建项目，出现如下图示
选择画红圈部分，接着出现如下图示
1.4 新建Models文件夹，创建数据库实体类
1.5 创建数据库上下文类
创建继承DbContext的上下文类，将数据库实体添加到DbSet中，重写OnModelCreating方
1 public class SchoolContext : DbContext
2 {
3 public SchoolContext(DbContextOptions<SchoolContext> options) : base(options)
4 {
5 }
6
7 public DbSet<Course> Courses { get; set; }
8 public DbSet<Enrollment> Enrollments { get; set; }
9 public DbSet<Student> Students { get; set; }
10 public DbSet<Department> Departments { get; set; }
11 public DbSet<Instructor> Instructors { get; set; }
12 public DbSet<OfficeAssignment> OfficeAssignments { get; set; }
13 public DbSet<CourseAssignment> CourseAssignments { get; set; }
14
15 protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
16 {
17 modelBuilder.Entity<Course>().ToTable("Course");
18 modelBuilder.Entity<Enrollment>().ToTable("Enrollment");
19 modelBuilder.Entity<Student>().ToTable("Student");
20 modelBuilder.Entity<Department>().ToTable("Department");
21 modelBuilder.Entity<Instructor>().ToTable("Instructor");
22 modelBuilder.Entity<OfficeAssignment>().ToTable("OfficeAssignment");
23 modelBuilder.Entity<CourseAssignment>().ToTable("CourseAssignment");
24
25 modelBuilder.Entity<CourseAssignment>()
26 .HasKey(c => new { c.CourseID, c.InstructorID });
27 }
28 }
1.6使用测试数据设定数据库种子
1 using System;
2 using System.Linq;
3 using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
4 using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
5 using ContosoUniversity.Models;
6
7 namespace ContosoUniversity.Data
8 {
9 public static class DbInitializer
10 {
11 public static void Initialize(SchoolContext context)
12 {
13 //context.Database.EnsureCreated();
14
15 // Look for any students.
16 if (context.Students.Any())
17 {
18 return; // DB has been seeded
19 }
20
21 var students = new Student[]
22 {
23 new Student { FirstMidName = "Carson", LastName = "Alexander",
24 EnrollmentDate = DateTime.Parse("2010-09-01") },
25 new Student { FirstMidName = "Meredith", LastName = "Alonso",
26 EnrollmentDate = DateTime.Parse("2012-09-01") },
27 new Student { FirstMidName = "Arturo", LastName = "Anand",
28 EnrollmentDate = DateTime.Parse("2013-09-01") },
29 new Student { FirstMidName = "Gytis", LastName = "Barzdukas",
30 EnrollmentDate = DateTime.Parse("2012-09-01") },
31 new Student { FirstMidName = "Yan", LastName = "Li",
32 EnrollmentDate = DateTime.Parse("2012-09-01") },
33 new Student { FirstMidName = "Peggy", LastName = "Justice",
34 EnrollmentDate = DateTime.Parse("2011-09-01") },
35 new Student { FirstMidName = "Laura", LastName = "Norman",
36 EnrollmentDate = DateTime.Parse("2013-09-01") },
37 new Student { FirstMidName = "Nino", LastName = "Olivetto",
38 EnrollmentDate = DateTime.Parse("2005-09-01") }
39 };
40
41 foreach (Student s in students)
42 {
43 context.Students.Add(s);
44 }
45 context.SaveChanges();
46
47 var instructors = new Instructor[]
48 {
49 new Instructor { FirstMidName = "Kim", LastName = "Abercrombie",
50 HireDate = DateTime.Parse("1995-03-11") },
51 new Instructor { FirstMidName = "Fadi", LastName = "Fakhouri",
52 HireDate = DateTime.Parse("2002-07-06") },
53 new Instructor { FirstMidName = "Roger", LastName = "Harui",
54 HireDate = DateTime.Parse("1998-07-01") },
55 new Instructor { FirstMidName = "Candace", LastName = "Kapoor",
56 HireDate = DateTime.Parse("2001-01-15") },
57 new Instructor { FirstMidName = "Roger", LastName = "Zheng",
58 HireDate = DateTime.Parse("2004-02-12") }
59 };
60
61 foreach (Instructor i in instructors)
62 {
63 context.Instructors.Add(i);
64 }
65 context.SaveChanges();
66
67 var departments = new Department[]
68 {
69 new Department { Name = "English", Budget = 350000,
70 StartDate = DateTime.Parse("2007-09-01"),
71 InstructorID = instructors.Single( i => i.LastName == "Abercrombie").ID },
72 new Department { Name = "Mathematics", Budget = 100000,
73 StartDate = DateTime.Parse("2007-09-01"),
74 InstructorID = instructors.Single( i => i.LastName == "Fakhouri").ID },
75 new Department { Name = "Engineering", Budget = 350000,
76 StartDate = DateTime.Parse("2007-09-01"),
77 InstructorID = instructors.Single( i => i.LastName == "Harui").ID },
78 new Department { Name = "Economics", Budget = 100000,
79 StartDate = DateTime.Parse("2007-09-01"),
80 InstructorID = instructors.Single( i => i.LastName == "Kapoor").ID }
81 };
82
83 foreach (Department d in departments)
84 {
85 context.Departments.Add(d);
86 }
87 context.SaveChanges();
88
89 var courses = new Course[]
90 {
91 new Course {CourseID = 1050, Title = "Chemistry", Credits = 3,
92 DepartmentID = departments.Single( s => s.Name == "Engineering").DepartmentID
93 },
94 new Course {CourseID = 4022, Title = "Microeconomics", Credits = 3,
95 DepartmentID = departments.Single( s => s.Name == "Economics").DepartmentID
96 },
97 new Course {CourseID = 4041, Title = "Macroeconomics", Credits = 3,
98 DepartmentID = departments.Single( s => s.Name == "Economics").DepartmentID
99 },
100 new Course {CourseID = 1045, Title = "Calculus", Credits = 4,
101 DepartmentID = departments.Single( s => s.Name == "Mathematics").DepartmentID
102 },
103 new Course {CourseID = 3141, Title = "Trigonometry", Credits = 4,
104 DepartmentID = departments.Single( s => s.Name == "Mathematics").DepartmentID
105 },
106 new Course {CourseID = 2021, Title = "Composition", Credits = 3,
107 DepartmentID = departments.Single( s => s.Name == "English").DepartmentID
108 },
109 new Course {CourseID = 2042, Title = "Literature", Credits = 4,
110 DepartmentID = departments.Single( s => s.Name == "English").DepartmentID
111 },
112 };
113
114 foreach (Course c in courses)
115 {
116 context.Courses.Add(c);
117 }
118 context.SaveChanges();
119
120 var officeAssignments = new OfficeAssignment[]
121 {
122 new OfficeAssignment {
123 InstructorID = instructors.Single( i => i.LastName == "Fakhouri").ID,
124 Location = "Smith 17" },
125 new OfficeAssignment {
126 InstructorID = instructors.Single( i => i.LastName == "Harui").ID,
127 Location = "Gowan 27" },
128 new OfficeAssignment {
129 InstructorID = instructors.Single( i => i.LastName == "Kapoor").ID,
130 Location = "Thompson 304" },
131 };
132
133 foreach (OfficeAssignment o in officeAssignments)
134 {
135 context.OfficeAssignments.Add(o);
136 }
137 context.SaveChanges();
138
139 var courseInstructors = new CourseAssignment[]
140 {
141 new CourseAssignment {
142 CourseID = courses.Single(c => c.Title == "Chemistry" ).CourseID,
143 InstructorID = instructors.Single(i => i.LastName == "Kapoor").ID
144 },
145 new CourseAssignment {
146 CourseID = courses.Single(c => c.Title == "Chemistry" ).CourseID,
147 InstructorID = instructors.Single(i => i.LastName == "Harui").ID
148 },
149 new CourseAssignment {
150 CourseID = courses.Single(c => c.Title == "Microeconomics" ).CourseID,
151 InstructorID = instructors.Single(i => i.LastName == "Zheng").ID
152 },
153 new CourseAssignment {
154 CourseID = courses.Single(c => c.Title == "Macroeconomics" ).CourseID,
155 InstructorID = instructors.Single(i => i.LastName == "Zheng").ID
156 },
157 new CourseAssignment {
158 CourseID = courses.Single(c => c.Title == "Calculus" ).CourseID,
159 InstructorID = instructors.Single(i => i.LastName == "Fakhouri").ID
160 },
161 new CourseAssignment {
162 CourseID = courses.Single(c => c.Title == "Trigonometry" ).CourseID,
163 InstructorID = instructors.Single(i => i.LastName == "Harui").ID
164 },
165 new CourseAssignment {
166 CourseID = courses.Single(c => c.Title == "Composition" ).CourseID,
167 InstructorID = instructors.Single(i => i.LastName == "Abercrombie").ID
168 },
169 new CourseAssignment {
170 CourseID = courses.Single(c => c.Title == "Literature" ).CourseID,
171 InstructorID = instructors.Single(i => i.LastName == "Abercrombie").ID
172 },
173 };
174
175 foreach (CourseAssignment ci in courseInstructors)
176 {
177 context.CourseAssignments.Add(ci);
178 }
179 context.SaveChanges();
180
181 var enrollments = new Enrollment[]
182 {
183 new Enrollment {
184 StudentID = students.Single(s => s.LastName == "Alexander").ID,
185 CourseID = courses.Single(c => c.Title == "Chemistry" ).CourseID,
186 Grade = Grade.A
187 },
188 new Enrollment {
189 StudentID = students.Single(s => s.LastName == "Alexander").ID,
190 CourseID = courses.Single(c => c.Title == "Microeconomics" ).CourseID,
191 Grade = Grade.C
192 },
193 new Enrollment {
194 StudentID = students.Single(s => s.LastName == "Alexander").ID,
195 CourseID = courses.Single(c => c.Title == "Macroeconomics" ).CourseID,
196 Grade = Grade.B
197 },
198 new Enrollment {
199 StudentID = students.Single(s => s.LastName == "Alonso").ID,
200 CourseID = courses.Single(c => c.Title == "Calculus" ).CourseID,
201 Grade = Grade.B
202 },
203 new Enrollment {
204 StudentID = students.Single(s => s.LastName == "Alonso").ID,
205 CourseID = courses.Single(c => c.Title == "Trigonometry" ).CourseID,
206 Grade = Grade.B
207 },
208 new Enrollment {
209 StudentID = students.Single(s => s.LastName == "Alonso").ID,
210 CourseID = courses.Single(c => c.Title == "Composition" ).CourseID,
211 Grade = Grade.B
212 },
213 new Enrollment {
214 StudentID = students.Single(s => s.LastName == "Anand").ID,
215 CourseID = courses.Single(c => c.Title == "Chemistry" ).CourseID
216 },
217 new Enrollment {
218 StudentID = students.Single(s => s.LastName == "Anand").ID,
219 CourseID = courses.Single(c => c.Title == "Microeconomics").CourseID,
220 Grade = Grade.B
221 },
222 new Enrollment {
223 StudentID = students.Single(s => s.LastName == "Barzdukas").ID,
224 CourseID = courses.Single(c => c.Title == "Chemistry").CourseID,
225 Grade = Grade.B
226 },
227 new Enrollment {
228 StudentID = students.Single(s => s.LastName == "Li").ID,
229 CourseID = courses.Single(c => c.Title == "Composition").CourseID,
230 Grade = Grade.B
231 },
232 new Enrollment {
233 StudentID = students.Single(s => s.LastName == "Justice").ID,
234 CourseID = courses.Single(c => c.Title == "Literature").CourseID,
235 Grade = Grade.B
236 }
237 };
238
239 foreach (Enrollment e in enrollments)
240 {
241 var enrollmentInDataBase = context.Enrollments.Where(
242 s =>
243 s.Student.ID == e.StudentID &&
244 s.Course.CourseID == e.CourseID).SingleOrDefault();
245 if (enrollmentInDataBase == null)
246 {
247 context.Enrollments.Add(e);
248 }
249 }
250 context.SaveChanges();
251 }
252 }
253 }
1.7在appsetting.json文件中配置本地数据库连接
1 "ConnectionStrings": {
2 "SchoolContext": "Server=.;Database=ApiDb;user id=sa;password=123456;"
3 }
1.8在Startup.cs文件中配置使用sql server
1 public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
2 {
3 services.AddDbContext<SchoolContext>(opt =>
4 opt.UseSqlServer(Configuration.GetConnectionString("SchoolContext")));
5 services.AddMvc().SetCompatibilityVersion(CompatibilityVersion.Version_2_2);
6 services.AddSwaggerGen(c =>
7 {
8 c.SwaggerDoc("v1", new OpenApiInfo { Title = "My API", Version = "v1" });
9 });
10 }
1.9在Program.cs文件中调用测试数据
1 public class Program
2 {
3 public static void Main(string[] args)
4 {
5 var host = CreateWebHostBuilder(args).Build();
6
7 using (var scope = host.Services.CreateScope())
8 {
9 var services = scope.ServiceProvider;
10 try
11 {
12 var context = services.GetRequiredService<SchoolContext>();
13 DbInitializer.Initialize(context);
14 }
15 catch (Exception ex)
16 {
17 var logger = services.GetRequiredService<ILogger<Program>>();
18 logger.LogError(ex, "An error occurred while seeding the database.");
19 }
20 }
21
22 host.Run();
23 }
2. EF数据库迁移
2.1首先在本地数据库，创建一个空的数据库
2.2执行数据库迁移
保存项目更改，生成项目。然后打开CMD命令窗口，切换到工程目录下，执行以下命令
dotnet ef migrations add ComplexDataModel
2.3更新数据库
更改数据库后或删除数据库后，在命令窗口运行以下命令
dotnet ef database update
2.4查看数据库
打开SQL Server Management，查看数据库表生成情况
2.5运行项目，生成测试数据
测试数据已自动生成
