###web.xml

<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>

<context-param>
    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
    <param-value>classpath*:applicationContext-*.xml</param-value>
</context-param>

<servlet>
    <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <init-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath*:dispatcher-servlet.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <load-on-startup>0</load-on-startup>
</servlet>

<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

###ContextLoaderListener的作用 ContextLoaderListener的作用是初始ApplicationContext（默认的是XmlWebApplicationContext）然后将其放在ServletContext中。

initWebApplicationContext方法中的下面代码

servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, this.context);

configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext根据配置文件初始化bean
配置文件片段：
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath*:dispatcher-servlet.xml</param-value>

读取配置文件源码片段：
configLocationParam = sc.getInitParameter("contextConfigLocation");
if(configLocationParam != null) {
    wac.setConfigLocation(configLocationParam);
}

####ServletContext作用

1. 每一个web应用都有一个 ServletContext与之相关联。

2. ServletContext对象在应用启动的被创建，在应用关闭的时候被销毁。

3. ServletContext在全局范围内有效，类似于应用中的一个全局变量。

###DispatcherServlet的作用

####HttpServletBean作用 HttpServletBean的作用主要是做一些初始化，讲web.xml中配置的参数设置到Servlet中

//比如初始化init-param中的参数 contextConfigLocation classpath*:dispatcher-servlet.xml

//源码片段
HttpServletBean.ServletConfigPropertyValues ex = new HttpServletBean.ServletConfigPropertyValues(this.getServletConfig(), this.requiredProperties);
BeanWrapper bw = PropertyAccessorFactory.forBeanPropertyAccess(this);
ServletContextResourceLoader resourceLoader = new ServletContextResourceLoader(this.getServletContext());
bw.registerCustomEditor(Resource.class, new ResourceEditor(resourceLoader, this.getEnvironment()));
this.initBeanWrapper(bw);
bw.setPropertyValues(ex, true);

####FrameworkServlet作用 FrameworkServlet的作用讲Servlet和Spring容器关联。其实也就是初始化FrameworkServlet的属性webApplicationContext，这个属性代表SpringMVC上下文，它有个父类上下文，既web.xml中配置的ContextLoaderListener监听器初始化的容器上下文。

//源码片段
protected WebApplicationContext initWebApplicationContext() {
 //这个设置springMVC的父类上下文为ContextLoaderListener初始化的容器上下文
        WebApplicationContext rootContext = WebApplicationContextUtils.getWebApplicationContext(this.getServletContext());
        WebApplicationContext wac = null;
        if(this.webApplicationContext != null) {
            wac = this.webApplicationContext;
            if(wac instanceof ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) {
                ConfigurableWebApplicationContext attrName = (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext)wac;
                if(!attrName.isActive()) {
                    if(attrName.getParent() == null) {
                        attrName.setParent(rootContext);
                    }
                    this.configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(attrName);
                }
            }
        }
        if(wac == null) {
            wac = this.findWebApplicationContext();//一般返回的都是null
            //具体实现，获取DispatcherServlet的applicationContext
            //WebApplicationContext wac = WebApplicationContextUtils.getWebApplicationContext(this.getServletContext(), attrName);
        }
        if(wac == null) {
            wac = this.createWebApplicationContext(rootContext);
        }
        if(!this.refreshEventReceived) {
            this.onRefresh(wac);
        }
        if(this.publishContext) {
            //attrName1=org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.CONTEXT.dispatcher
            String attrName1 = this.getServletContextAttributeName();
            //新创建的容器上下文设置到ServletContext中
            this.getServletContext().setAttribute(attrName1, wac);
            if(this.logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                this.logger.debug("Published WebApplicationContext of servlet \'" + this.getServletName() + "\' as ServletContext attribute with name [" + attrName1 + "]");
            }
        }
        return wac;
    }

DispatcherServlet覆写了FrameworkServlet中的onRefresh()方法，onRefresh()方法是钩子方法，子类可以重写自己特有的方法。

protected void onRefresh(ApplicationContext context) { this.initStrategies(context); }

//初始化DispatcherServlet使用的策略
protected void initStrategies(ApplicationContext context) {
    this.initMultipartResolver(context);
    this.initLocaleResolver(context);
    this.initThemeResolver(context);
    this.initHandlerMappings(context);
    this.initHandlerAdapters(context);
    this.initHandlerExceptionResolvers(context);
    this.initRequestToViewNameTranslator(context);
    this.initViewResolvers(context);
    this.initFlashMapManager(context);
}

总结

ContextLoaderListener和DispatcherServlet都可以配置spring相关的XML，但是它们不是合并储存的，而是父子关系，所以建议：mvc相关的spring配置由DispatcherServlet加载，而其余的JavaBean都交给ContextLoaderListener加载