WEB框架的本质
对于所有的Web应用，本质上其实就是一个socket服务端，用户的浏览器其实就是一个socket客户端。
#!/usr/bin/env python
#coding:utf-8
import socket
def handle_request(client):
buf = client.recv(1024)
client.send("HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n\r\n")
client.send("Hello, Seven")
def main():
sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
sock.bind(('localhost',8000))
sock.listen(5)
while True:
connection, address = sock.accept()
handle_request(connection)
connection.close()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
上述通过socket来实现了其本质，而对于真实开发中的python web程序来说，一般会分为两部分：服务器程序和应用程序。服务器程序负责对socket服务器进行封装，并在请求到来时，对请求的各种数据进行整理。应用程序则负责具体的逻辑处理。为了方便应用程序的开发，就出现了众多的Web框架，例如：Django、Flask、web.py 等。不同的框架有不同的开发方式，但是无论如何，开发出的应用程序都要和服务器程序配合，才能为用户提供服务。这样，服务器程序就需要为不同的框架提供不同的支持。这样混乱的局面无论对于服务器还是框架，都是不好的。对服务器来说，需要支持各种不同框架，对框架来说，只有支持它的服务器才能被开发出的应用使用。这时候，标准化就变得尤为重要。我们可以设立一个标准，只要服务器程序支持这个标准，框架也支持这个标准，那么他们就可以配合使用。一旦标准确定，双方各自实现。这样，服务器可以支持更多支持标准的框架，框架也可以使用更多支持标准的服务器。
WSGI（Web Server Gateway Interface）是一种规范，它定义了使用python编写的web app与web server之间接口格式，实现web app与web server间的解耦。
python标准库提供的独立WSGI服务器称为wsgiref。
from wsgiref.simple_server import make_server
def RunServer(environ, start_response):
start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type', 'text/html')])
return [bytes('<h1>Hello, web!</h1>', encoding='utf-8'), ]
if __name__ == '__main__':
httpd = make_server('', 8000, RunServer)
print("Serving HTTP on port 8000...")
httpd.serve_forever()
Python的WEB框架有Django、Tornado、Flask 等多种，Django相较与其他WEB框架其优势为：大而全，框架本身集成了ORM、模型绑定、模板引擎、缓存、Session等诸多功能。
Django工程前基本配置
一、安装Django
pip install django
二、创建Django工程
- 终端命令：django-admin startproject sitename（工程名称）
- IDE创建Django程序时，本质上都是自动执行上述命令
三、程序目录
mysite
- mysite # 对整个程序进行配置
- init
- settings # 配置文件
- url # URL对应关系
- wsgi # 遵循WSIG规范，uwsgi + nginx
- manage.py # 管理Django程序：
- python manage.py
- python manage.py startapp xx
- python manage.py makemigrations
- python manage.py migrate
-templates #放置网页内容
# 运行Django功能
python manage.py runserver 127.0.0.1:8000
四、创建app
# 创建app
python manage.py startapp cmdb
python manage.py startapp openstack
python manage.py startapp xxoo....
app：
migrations 数据修改表结构
admin Django为我们提供的后台管理
apps 配置当前app
models ORM,写指定的类 通过命令可以创建数据库结构
tests 单元测试
views 业务代码
五、工程前的默认配置
1.配置模板的路径
1 MIDDLEWARE = [
2 'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
3 'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
4 'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
5 # 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
6 'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
7 'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
8 'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
9 ]
10
11 ROOT_URLCONF = 's14day19.urls'
12
13 TEMPLATES = [
14 {
15 'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
16 'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')]
17 ,
18 'APP_DIRS': True,
19 'OPTIONS': {
20 'context_processors': [
21 'django.template.context_processors.debug',
22 'django.template.context_processors.request',
23 'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
24 'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
25 ],
26 },
27 },
28 ]
settings.py
2.配置静态目录
新建static目录
settings.py中添加
STATIC_URL = '/static/'
STATICFILES_DIRS = (
os.path.join(BASE_DIR,"static"),
)
下面就可以编写程序了
编写程序
Django请求生命周期
-> URL对应关系（匹配） -> 视图函数 -> 返回用户字符串
-> URL对应关系（匹配） -> 视图函数 -> 打开一个HTML文件，读取内容
路由系统
1.单一路由的url
urls.py
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from cmdb import views
urlpatterns = [
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
path('login/', views.login),
path('home/', views.home),
]
2.基于正则表达式的url
re_path('detail-(\d+).html', views.detail),
#一个函数对应多个页面
re_path('detail-(\d+)-(\d+).html', views.detail),
#nid ,uid 一定按照顺序
re_path('detail-(?P<nid>\d+)-(?P<uid>\d+).html', views.detail),
#绑定nid和uid
1 # def detail(request,nid):
2 # return HttpResponse(nid)
3 # # n = request.GET.get("nid")
4 #
5 # # info = USER_DICT[nid]
6 # # return render(request,"detail.html",{"info":info})
7 # def detail(request, nid):
8 # info = USER_DICT[nid]
9 # return render(request,"detail.html",{"info":info})
10 def detail(request,nid,uid):
11 print(nid,uid)
12
13 return HttpResponse(nid)
14 # info = USER_DICT[nid]
15 # return render(request,"detail.html",{"info":info})
views
1 <!DOCTYPE html>
2 <html lang="en">
3 <head>
4 <meta charset="UTF-8">
5 <title>Title</title>
6 </head>
7 <body>
8 {{ user_dict.user }}
9 <ul>
10 {% for k,row in user_dict.items %}
11 <li><a target="_blank" href="/detail-{{ k }}.html">{{ row.user }}</a></li>
12 {% endfor %}
13 </ul>
14 <!--
15 <ul>
16 {% for k,row in user_dict.items %}
17 <li><a target="_blank" href="https://my.oschina.net/detail/?nid={{ k }}">{{ row.user }}</a></li>
18 {% endfor %}
19 </ul>
20 -->
21
22 </body>
23 </html>
index.html
1 <!DOCTYPE html>
2 <html lang="en">
3 <head>
4 <meta charset="UTF-8">
5 <title>Title</title>
6 </head>
7 <body>
8 <h1>详细信息</h1>
9 <h3>用户名：{{ info.user }}</h3>
10 <h3>密码：{{ info.password }}</h3>
11 <h3>邮箱：{{ info.email }}</h3>
12
13 </body>
14 </html>
detail.html
3.为路由映射设置名称
对URL路由关系进行命名， ***** 以后可以根据此名称生成自己想要的URL *****
urls.py
urlpatterns = [
path('indfasfasdfdex/', views.index, name="index1"),
re_path('ind/(\d+)/', views.index, name="index2"),
re_path('ind/(\d+)/(\d+)/', views.index, name="index3"),
re_path('ind/(?P<nid>\d+)/(?P<uid>\d+)/', views.index, name="index4"),
]
views.py
def func(request, *args, **kwargs):
from django.urls import reverse
url1 = reverse('index1') # indefasfasdfdex/
url2 = reverse('index3', args=(1,2,)) # ind/1/2/
url3 = reverse('index4', kwargs={'pid': 1, "nid": 9}) #ind/1/9/
xxx.html
{% url "index1" %} # indfasfasdfdex/
{% url "index2" 1 2 %} # ind/1/2/
{% url "index3" pid=1 nid=9 %} # ind/1/9/
注：
# 当前的URL
request.path_info
4.路由分发-----多级路由
主目录下的urls.py
urlpatterns = [
path('cmdb/',include("app01.urls")),
path('monitor/',include("app02.urls"))
]
app01下添加urls.py
from django.urls import path,re_path
from app01 import views
urlpatterns = [
path('index/', views.index),
]
app02下添加urls.py
from django.urls import path,re_path
from app02 import views
urlpatterns = [
path('index/', views.index),
]
5.默认值
url(r'^manage/(?P<name>\w*)', views.manage,{'id':333}),
6.命名空间
project.urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url,include
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^a/', include('app01.urls', namespace='author-polls')),
url(r'^b/', include('app01.urls', namespace='publisher-polls')),
]
app01.urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url
from app01 import views
app_name = 'app01'
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.detail, name='detail')
]
app01.views.py
def detail(request, pk):
print(request.resolver_match)
return HttpResponse(pk)
以上定义带命名空间的url之后，使用name生成URL时候，应该如下：
- v = reverse('app01:detail', kwargs={'pk':11})
- {% url 'app01:detail' pk=12 pp=99 %}
django中的路由系统和其他语言的框架有所不同，在django中每一个请求的url都要有一条路由映射，这样才能将请求交给对一个的view中的函数去处理。其他大部分的Web框架则是对一类的url请求做一条路由映射，从而是路由系统变得简洁。
视图
views.py
def func(request):
# 包含所有的请求数据
...
return HttpResponse('字符串')
return render(request, 'index.html', {''})
retrun redirect('URL')
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse
from django.shortcuts import redirect
USER_LIST=[
{"username":"zhangsan","gender":"man","email":"abc@123.com"},
{"username":"zhangsi","gender":"woman","email":"abc@123.com"},
{"username":"zhangwu","gender":"man","email":"abc@123.com"},
]
def home(request):
print(request.method)
if request.method == "POST":
user=request.POST.get("username")
gen=request.POST.get("gender")
ema=request.POST.get("email")
temp = {"username":user,"gender":gen,"email":ema}
USER_LIST.append(temp)
return render(request,"home.html",{"user_list":USER_LIST})
def login(request):
# f = open("templates/login.html","r",encoding="utf-8")
# date = f.read()
# f.close()
error_msg = " "
if request.method == "POST":
user = request.POST.get("user",None)
pwd = request.POST.get("pwd",None)
if user=="root" and pwd=="123":
return redirect("http://www.baidu.com")
else:
error_msg = "用户名密码错误"
return render(request,"login.html",{"error_msg":error_msg})
1.获取多数据和文件上传
1 <!DOCTYPE html>
2 <html lang="en">
3 <head>
4 <meta charset="UTF-8">
5 <title>Title</title>
6 </head>
7 <body>
8 <form action="/login/" method="POST" enctype="multipart/form-data">
9 <p>
10 <input type="text" name="user" placeholder="用户名" />
11 </p>
12 <p>
13 <input type="password" name="password" placeholder="密码" />
14 </p>
15 <p>
16 男：<input type="radio" name="gender" value="1"/>
17 女：<input type="radio" name="gender" value="2"/>
18 </p>
19 <p>
20 篮球：<input type="checkbox" name="faver" value="11" />
21 足球：<input type="checkbox" name="faver" value="22" />
22 排球：<input type="checkbox" name="faver" value="33" />
23 </p>
24 <p>
25 <select name="city" multiple>
26 <option value="bj">北京</option>
27 <option value="sh">上海</option>
28 <option value="tj">天津</option>
29 </select>
30 </p>
31 <p>
32 <input type="file" name="filesss"/>
33 </p>
34 <p>
35 <input type="submit" value="提交" />
36 </p>
37 </form>
38 </body>
39 </html>
login.html
1 from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse,redirect
2
3 # Create your views here.
4
5 def index(request):
6 return HttpResponse("Welcome to Index!")
7
8 def login(request):
9 '''if request.method == "GET":
10 return render(request, "login.html")
11 elif request.method == "POST":
12 u= request.POST.get("user")
13 p= request.POST.get("password")
14
15 if u == "abc" and p == "123":
16 return redirect("/index/")
17 else:
18 return render(request,"login.html")
19 else:
20 return redirect("/index/")
21 '''
22
23 if request.method == "GET":
24 return render(request, "login.html")
25 elif request.method == "POST":
26 # v = request.POST.get("gender")
27 # print(v)
28 # v = request.POST.getlist("faver")
29 # print(v)
30 # v = request.POST.getlist("city")
31 # print(v)
32
33 # 文件上传
34 obj =request.FILES.get("filesss")
35 import os
36 file_path = os.path.join("upload",obj.name)
37 f= open(file_path,mode="wb")
38 for i in obj.chunks():
39 f.write(i)
40 f.close()
41
42
43
44 return render(request, "login.html")
45 else:
46 return redirect("/index/")
views.py
2.FBV & CBV
url.py index ---> 函数名
views.py def 函数（request）:................
FBV /index/ -> 函数名
CBV /index/ -> 类
from django.views import View
class Home(View):
def get(self,request):
print(request.method)
return render(request,"home.html")
def post(self,request):
print(request.method,"post")
return render(request, "home.html")
3.获取用户请求的相关信息以及请求头
1 def index(request):
2 print(type(request))
3
4 from django.core.handlers.wsgi import WSGIRequest
5
6 print(request.environ) #封装了请求的所有信息
7
8 for k,v in request.environ.items(): #列出所有信息
9 print(k,v)
10
11 print(request.environ["HTTP_USER_AGENT"])
12 return HttpResponse("ok")
views.py
模板
1.模板语言
return render(request, 'index.html', {'li': [11,22,33]})
{% for item in li %}
{{item}}
{% endfor %}
*********** 索引用点 **********
{{item.0 }}
1 <!DOCTYPE html>
2 <html lang="en">
3 <head>
4 <meta charset="UTF-8">
5 <title>Title</title>
6 </head>
7 <body style="margin: 0">
8 <div style="background-color: #eeeeee;height: 50px;"></div>
9 <form action="/home/" method="post">
10 <p>
11 <input type="text" name="username" placeholder="用户名" />
12 </p>
13 <p>
14 <input type="text" name="gender" placeholder="性别" />
15 </p>
16 <p>
17 <input type="text" name="email" placeholder="邮箱" />
18 </p>
19 <p>
20 <input type="submit" value="提交" />
21 </p>
22 </form>
23 <div>
24 <table>
25 {% for row in user_list %}
26 <tr>
27 <td>{{ row.username }}</td>
28 <td>{{ row.gender }}</td>
29 <td>{{ row.email }}</td>
30 </tr>
31 {% endfor %}
32 </table>
33 </div>
34 </body>
35 </html>
home
1 <!DOCTYPE html>
2 <html lang="en">
3 <head>
4 <meta charset="UTF-8">
5 <title>Title</title>
6 <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/commons.css" />
7 <style>
8 label{
9 width: 80px;
10 text-align: right;
11 display: inline-block;
12 }
13 </style>
14 </head>
15 <body>
16 <form action="/login/" method="post">
17 <p>
18 <label for="username">用户名：</label>
19 <input id="username" name="user" type="text" />
20 </p>
21 <p>
22 <label for="password">密码：</label>
23 <input id="password" name="pwd" type="text" />
24 <input type="submit" value="提交" />
25 <span style="color: red">{{ error_msg }}</span>
26 </p>
27 </form>
28 <script src="/static/jquery-1.12.4.js"></script>
29 </body>
30 </html>
login
2.模板的继承
1 def a1(request):
2 u_list= [1,2,3,4,5]
3 return render(request,"a1.html",{"u_list":u_list})
4
5 def a2(request):
6 name="root"
7 return render(request,"a2.html",{"name":name})
8
9 def a3(request):
10 d = "删除"
11 return render(request,"a3.html",{"d":d})
views.py
master.html是模板
1 <!DOCTYPE html>
2 <html lang="en">
3 <head>
4 <meta charset="UTF-8">
5 <title>Title</title>
6 <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/commons.css" />
7 <style>
8 .pg-header{
9 height: 48px;
10 background-color: gainsboro;
11 color: green;
12 }
13 </style>
14 {% block commons %} {% endblock %}
15 </head>
16 <body>
17 <div class="pg-header">信息管理</div>
18
19 {% block content %} {% endblock %}
20
21 <script src="/static/jquery.js"></script>
22 {% block jquery %} {% endblock %}
23 </body>
24 </html>
master.html
a1.html a2.html a3.html 是继承模板然后生成新的网页发给前端
1 {% extends "master.html" %}
2 {% block content %}
3 <h1>用户管理</h1>
4 <ul>
5 {% for i in u_list %}
6 <li>{{ i }}</li>
7 {% endfor %}
8 </ul>
9 {% endblock %}
a1
1 {% extends "master.html" %}
2 {% block content %}
3 <h1>{{ name }}</h1>
4 {% endblock %}
a2
1 {% extends "master.html" %}
2 {% block content %}
3 <h1>{{ d }}</h1>
4 {% endblock %}
a3
小结：
{% block 模板名称 %} 自己的内容 {% endblock %}
a.可以有多个模板继承 只要写清楚继承模板的名称
b.对于css和js同样可以继承，写在模板中正确的位置
1 <!DOCTYPE html>
2 <html lang="en">
3 <head>
4 <meta charset="UTF-8">
5 <title>Title</title>
6 <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/commons.css" />
7 <style>
8 .pg-header{
9 height: 48px;
10 background-color: gainsboro;
11 color: green;
12 }
13 </style>
14 {% block commons %} {% endblock %}
15 </head>
16 <body>
17 <div class="pg-header">信息管理</div>
18
19 {% block content %} {% endblock %}
20
21 <script src="/static/jquery.js"></script>
22 {% block jquery %} {% endblock %}
23 </body>
24 </html>
master.html
c.新网页上的需要继承的模板名称没有顺序之分，只要名称正确即可。
d.一个html只能继承一个模板
3.模板的导入
一个html只能继承一个模板，但是如果一个html需要多个重复的设计时，可以使用模板导入
{% include "tag.html" %}
<form>
<input type="text" />
<input type="text" />
<input type="text" />
</form>
{% extends "master.html" %}
{% block content %}
<h1>用户管理</h1>
<ul>
{% for i in u_list %}
<li>{{ i }}</li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
{% include "tag.html" %}
{% endblock %}
4.自定义函数
simple_tag
a.在app下面创建templatetags文件夹
b.在文件夹下面创建任意py文件
c.创建py文件的函数
from django import template
from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe
register = template.Library()
@register.simple_tag
def ceshi(a1,a2):
return a1+a2
d.settings中注册app
e.在html中的头部加上{% load py文件名 %} 添加内容{% 函数名 arg1 arg2 %}
filter
py文件中@register.filter
html中{{“arg1”|函数名：“arg2” }}
参数最多是2个，可以有if条件语句中
5.自定义分页操作
列表分页实例：
1 def user_list(request):
2 list = []
3 for i in range(1,100):
4 list.append(i)
5
6 current_page = request.GET.get("p",1)
7 current_page = int(current_page)
8 start = (current_page-1)*10
9 end = current_page*10
10 data=list[start:end]
11
12 all_current=len(list)
13 count,y = divmod(all_current, 10)
14 if y:
15 count +=1
16
17 page_list=[]
18 for i in range(1,count+1):
19 if i ==current_page:
20 temp ='<a class="page active" href="https://my.oschina.net/user_list/?p=%s">%s</a>'%(i,i)
21 else:
22 temp = '<a class="page" href="https://my.oschina.net/user_list/?p=%s">%s</a>' % (i, i)
23 page_list.append(temp)
24
25 page_str="".join(page_list)
26
27 return render(request,"user_list.html",{"list":data,"temp":page_str})
views.py
1 <!DOCTYPE html>
2 <html lang="en">
3 <head>
4 <meta charset="UTF-8">
5 <title>Title</title>
6 <style>
7 .q .page{
8 display: inline-block;
9 background-color: aqua;
10 margin: 5px;
11 padding: 5px;
12
13 }
14 .q .page.active{
15 background-color: red;
16 color: white;
17 }
18 </style>
19 </head>
20 <body>
21 <ul>
22 {% for item in list %}
23 {% include "tag.html" %}
24 {% endfor %}
25 </ul>
26
27 <div class="q">
28 {{ temp|safe }}
29 </div>
30 </body>
31 </html>
user_list.html
1 <li>{{ item }}</li>
tag.html
分页进阶实例 ---- 上一页、下一页、跳转、页面布局
1 def user_list(request):
2 list = []
3 for i in range(1,1000):
4 list.append(i)
5 #每页显示的数据数量
6 page_num = 10 #每页显示数量
7 current_page = request.GET.get("p",1)
8 current_page = int(current_page) #当前页
9 start = (current_page-1)*page_num
10 end = current_page*page_num
11 data=list[start:end]
12
13 #分页的数据数量
14 all_current=len(list)
15 total_count,y = divmod(all_current, page_num)
16 if y:
17 total_count +=1 #总页数
18 page_list=[]
19 start_index = current_page - 5
20 end_index = current_page + 6
21 pag = 11 #显示分页数量
22 if total_count < pag:
23 start_index = 1
24 end_index = total_count
25 else:
26 if current_page <= (pag+1)/2:
27 start_index = 1
28 end_index = pag+1
29 else:
30 start_index = current_page - (pag-1)/2
31 end_index = current_page + (pag+1)/2
32 if (current_page + (pag-1)/2) >=total_count:
33 end_index = total_count + 1
34 start_index = total_count - pag -1
35
36 #上一页 代码开始
37 if current_page == 1:
38 prev = '<a class="page" href="#">上一页</a>'
39 else:
40 prev = '<a class="page" href="https://my.oschina.net/user_list/?p=%s">上一页</a>' % (current_page-1)
41 page_list.append(prev)
42
43 #分页代码开始
44 for i in range(int(start_index),int(end_index)):
45 if i ==current_page:
46 temp ='<a class="page active" href="https://my.oschina.net/user_list/?p=%s">%s</a>'%(i,i)
47 else:
48 temp = '<a class="page" href="https://my.oschina.net/user_list/?p=%s">%s</a>' % (i, i)
49 page_list.append(temp)
50
51 # 下一页代码开始
52 if current_page == total_count:
53 nex = '<a class="page" href="javascript:void(0);">下一页</a>'
54 else:
55 nex = '<a class="page" href="https://my.oschina.net/user_list/?p=%s">下一页</a>' % (current_page + 1)
56 page_list.append(nex)
57
58 page_str="".join(page_list)
59
60 return render(request,"user_list.html",{"list":data,"temp":page_str})
views.py
1 <!DOCTYPE html>
2 <html lang="en">
3 <head>
4 <meta charset="UTF-8">
5 <title>Title</title>
6 <style>
7 .q .page{
8 display: inline-block;
9 background-color: aqua;
10 margin: 5px;
11 padding: 5px;
12
13 }
14 .q .page.active{
15 background-color: red;
16 color: white;
17 }
18 </style>
19 </head>
20 <body>
21 <ul>
22 {% for item in list %}
23 {% include "tag.html" %}
24 {% endfor %}
25 </ul>
26
27 <div class="q">
28 {{ temp|safe }}
29 <input type="text" />
30 <a onclick="Go(this,'/user_list/?p=');" id="i1">GO</a>
31 </div>
32 <script>
33 function Go(th,base) {
34 var val = th.previousElementSibling.value;
35 location.href = base + val
36 }
37 </script>
38 </body>
39 </html>
user_list.html
自定义分页实例封装
新建utils文件夹
1 class Page:
2
3 def __init__(self,current_page,data_count,per_page_num=10,page_num=11):
4 self.current_page = current_page
5 self.data_count =data_count
6 self.per_page_num = per_page_num
7 self.page_num = page_num
8
9 @property
10 def start(self):
11 return (self.current_page-1) * self.per_page_num
12
13 @property
14 def end(self):
15 return self.current_page * self.per_page_num
16
17 @property
18 def total_count(self):
19 v, y = divmod(self.data_count, self.per_page_num)
20 if y:
21 v += 1 # 总页数
22 return v
23
24 def page_str(self,base_url):
25 page_list = []
26 start_index = self.current_page - 5
27 end_index = self.current_page + 6
28
29 if self.total_count < self.page_num:
30 start_index = 1
31 end_index = self.total_count
32 else:
33 if self.current_page <= (self.page_num + 1) / 2:
34 start_index = 1
35 end_index = self.page_num + 1
36 else:
37 start_index = self.current_page - (self.page_num - 1) / 2
38 end_index = self.current_page + (self.page_num + 1) / 2
39 if (self.current_page + (self.page_num - 1) / 2) >= self.total_count:
40 end_index = self.total_count + 1
41 start_index = self.total_count - self.page_num - 1
42
43 # 上一页 代码开始
44 if self.current_page == 1:
45 prev = '<a class="page" href="#">上一页</a>'
46 else:
47 prev = '<a class="page" href="%s?p=%s">上一页</a>' % (base_url,self.current_page - 1)
48 page_list.append(prev)
49
50 # 分页代码开始
51 for i in range(int(start_index), int(end_index)):
52 if i == self.current_page:
53 temp = '<a class="page active" href="%s?p=%s">%s</a>' % (base_url,i, i)
54 else:
55 temp = '<a class="page" href="%s?p=%s">%s</a>' % (base_url,i, i)
56 page_list.append(temp)
57
58 # 下一页代码开始
59 if self.current_page == self.total_count:
60 nex = '<a class="page" href="javascript:void(0);">下一页</a>'
61 else:
62 nex = '<a class="page" href="%s?p=%s">下一页</a>' % (base_url,self.current_page + 1)
63 page_list.append(nex)
64
65 page_str = "".join(page_list)
66
67 return page_str
pagination.py
1 def user_list(request):
2 current_page = request.GET.get("p",1)
3 current_page = int(current_page) #当前页
4 page_obj = pagination.Page(current_page,len(list))
5 data=list[page_obj.start:page_obj.end]
6 page_str = page_obj.page_str("/user_list/")
7 return render(request,"user_list.html",{"list":data,"temp":page_str})
views.py
ORM操作
当我们的程序涉及到数据库相关操作时，我们一般都会这么搞：
创建数据库，设计表结构和字段
使用 MySQLdb 来连接数据库，并编写数据访问层代码
业务逻辑层去调用数据访问层执行数据库操作
import MySQLdb
def GetList(sql): db = MySQLdb.connect(user='root', db='wupeiqidb', passwd='1234', host='localhost') cursor = db.cursor() cursor.execute(sql) data = cursor.fetchall() db.close() return data def GetSingle(sql): db = MySQLdb.connect(user='root', db='wupeiqidb', passwd='1234', host='localhost') cursor = db.cursor() cursor.execute(sql) data = cursor.fetchone() db.close() return data
django为使用一种新的方式，即：关系对象映射（Object Relational Mapping，简称ORM）。
PHP：activerecord
Java：Hibernate
C#：Entity Framework
django中遵循 Code Frist 的原则，即：根据代码中定义的类来自动生成数据库表。
1.创建表基本结构
1 a. 先写类(models.py)
2 from django.db import models
3
4 class UserInfo(models.Model):
5 # id列，自增，主键
6 # 用户名列，字符串类型，指定长度
7 username = models.CharField(max_length=32)
8 password = models.CharField(max_length=64)
9
10 b. 注册APP (settings.py)
11
12 INSTALLED_APPS = [
13 'django.contrib.admin',
14 'django.contrib.auth',
15 'django.contrib.contenttypes',
16 'django.contrib.sessions',
17 'django.contrib.messages',
18 'django.contrib.staticfiles',
19 'app01',
20 ]
21 c. 执行命令(cmd)
22 python manage.py makemigrations
23 python manage.py migrate
24
25 d. ********** 注意 ***********
26 Django默认使用MySQLdb模块链接MySQL
27 主动修改为pymysql，在project同名文件夹下的__init__文件中添加如下代码
28
29 即可：
30 import pymysql
31 pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()
表增删改查
1 def orm(request):
2
3 #增
4 # models.UserInfo.objects.create(username="alex",password=123)
5
6 # dic ={"username":"root","password":456}
7 # models.UserInfo.objects.create(**dic)
8
9 # obj = models.UserInfo(username="jack",password=789)
10 # obj.save()
11
12 # 查
13 # re = models.UserInfo.objects.all()
14 # re = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(username="root")
15 # print(re)
16 # for row in re:
17 # print(row.id,row.username,row.password)
18
19 # 删除
20 # models.UserInfo.objects.all().delete()
21 # models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=3).delete()
22
23 # 修改
24 models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=3).update(password=825)
25
26 return HttpResponse("ORM")
2.连表结构
一对多
a. 外键
b.
外键字段_id models.foreignkey("user_type",to_field="id") #约束条件
c.
models.tb.object.create(name='root', user_group_id=1)
d.
userlist = models.tb.object.all()
for row in userlist:
row.id
row.user_group_id
row.user_group.caption
a.一对多获取单表数据的方式
html
1 <!DOCTYPE html>
2 <html lang="en">
3 <head>
4 <meta charset="UTF-8">
5 <title>Title</title>
6 </head>
7 <body>
8 <h1>业务线列表</h1>
9 <ul>
10 {% for row in v1 %}
11 <li>{{ row.id }}--{{ row.caption }}--{{ row.code }}</li>
12 {% endfor %}
13 <h2>zidian</h2>
14 {% for row in v2 %}
15 <li>{{ row.id }}--{{ row.caption }}</li>
16 {% endfor %}
17 <h2>yuanzu</h2>
18 {% for row in v3 %}
19 <li>{{ row.0}}--{{ row.1 }}</li>
20 {% endfor %}
21 </ul>
22 </body>
23 </html>
html
views
1 def biness(request):
2 v1 = models.Biness.objects.all()
3
4 v2 = models.Biness.objects.all().values("id","caption")
5
6 v3 = models.Biness.objects.all().values_list("id","caption")
7
8 return render(request,"biness.html",{"v1":v1,"v2":v2,"v3":v3})
views
b.一对多跨表操作的方式
html
1 <!DOCTYPE html>
2 <html lang="en">
3 <head>
4 <meta charset="UTF-8">
5 <title>Title</title>
6 </head>
7 <body>
8
9 <table border="1">
10 <thead>
11 <tr>
12 {# <th>主机ID</th>#}
13 <th>主机名</th>
14 <th>IP</th>
15 {# <th>端口号</th>#}
16 <th>业务线ID</th>
17 <th>业务线名</th>
18 {# <th>业务线code</th>#}
19 </tr>
20 </thead>
21 <tbody>
22 {% for row in v1 %}
23 <tr nid="{{ row.nid }}",bid="{{ row.b_id }}">
24 {# <td>{{ row.nid }}</td>#}
25 <td>{{ row.host }}</td>
26 <td>{{ row.ip }}</td>
27 <td>{{ row.port }}</td>
28 {# <td>{{ row.b_id }}</td>#}
29 <td>{{ row.b.caption }}</td>
30 {# <td>{{ row.b.code }}</td>#}
31 </tr>
32 {% endfor %}
33 </tbody>
34 </table>
35
36 <table border="1">
37 <thead>
38 <tr>
39 <th>主机ID</th>
40 <th>主机名</th>
41 <th>IP</th>
42 {# <th>端口号</th>#}
43 <th>业务线ID</th>
44 <th>业务线名</th>
45 {# <th>业务线code</th>#}
46 </tr>
47 </thead>
48 <tbody>
49 {% for row in v2 %}
50 <tr>
51 <td>{{ row.nid }}</td>
52 <td>{{ row.host}}</td>
53 <td>{{ row.ip }}</td>
54 {# <td>{{ row.port }}</td>>#}
55 <td>{{ row.b_id }}</td>
56 <td>{{ row.b.caption }}</td>
57 {# <td>{{ row.b.code }}</td>#}
58 </tr>
59 {% endfor %}
60 </tbody>
61 </table>
62
63 <table border="1">
64 <thead>
65 <tr>
66 <th>主机ID</th>
67 <th>主机名</th>
68 <th>IP</th>
69 {# <th>端口号</th>#}
70 <th>业务线ID</th>
71 <th>业务线名</th>
72 {# <th>业务线code</th>#}
73 </tr>
74 </thead>
75 <tbody>
76 {% for row in v3 %}
77 <tr >
78 <td>{{ row.0 }}</td>
79 <td>{{ row.1 }}</td>
80 <td>{{ row.2 }}</td>
81 {# <td>{{ row.port }}</td>#}
82 <td>{{ row.3 }}</td>
83 <td>{{ row.4 }}</td>
84 {# <td>{{ row.b.code }}</td>#}
85 </tr>
86 {% endfor %}
87 </tbody>
88 </table>
89
90 </body>
91 </html>
html
views
1 def host(request):
2 # v1 = models.Host.objects.all()
3 v1 = models.Host.objects.filter(nid__gt=0)
4 v2 = models.Host.objects.filter(nid__gt=0).values("nid","host","ip","b_id","b__caption")
5 v3 = models.Host.objects.filter(nid__gt=0).values_list("nid","host","ip","b_id","b__caption")
6
7 return render(request, "host.html", {"v1": v1,"v2":v2,"v3":v3})
views
实例：增加一对多的数据
host.html
1 <!DOCTYPE html>
2 <html lang="en">
3 <head>
4 <meta charset="UTF-8">
5 <title>Title</title>
6 <style>
7 .hide{
8 display: none;
9 }
10 .shade{
11 position: fixed;
12 top:0;
13 right: 0;
14 bottom: 0;
15 left: 0;
16 background-color: black;
17 opacity: 0.6;
18 z-index: 9;
19 }
20 .content{
21 position:fixed;
22 height: 300px;
23 width: 500px;
24 top:100px;
25 left: 50%;
26 background-color: white;
27 border: white 1px solid;
28 z-index: 10;
29 margin-left: -250px;
30 }
31 </style>
32 </head>
33 <body>
34 <div>
35 <input id="add_host" type="button" value="添加" />
36 </div>
37 <table border="1">
38 <thead>
39 <tr>
40 {# <th>主机ID</th>#}
41 <th>主机名</th>
42 <th>IP</th>
43 <th>端口号</th>
44 {# <th>业务线ID</th>#}
45 <th>业务线名</th>
46 {# <th>业务线code</th>#}
47 </tr>
48 </thead>
49 <tbody>
50 {% for row in v1 %}
51 <tr nid="{{ row.nid }}",bid="{{ row.b_id }}">
52 {# <td>{{ row.nid }}</td>#}
53 <td>{{ row.host }}</td>
54 <td>{{ row.ip }}</td>
55 <td>{{ row.port }}</td>
56 {# <td>{{ row.b_id }}</td>#}
57 <td>{{ row.b.caption }}</td>
58 {# <td>{{ row.b.code }}</td>#}
59 </tr>
60 {% endfor %}
61 </tbody>
62 </table>
63
64 <table border="1">
65 <thead>
66 <tr>
67 <th>主机ID</th>
68 <th>主机名</th>
69 <th>IP</th>
70 {# <th>端口号</th>#}
71 <th>业务线ID</th>
72 <th>业务线名</th>
73 {# <th>业务线code</th>#}
74 </tr>
75 </thead>
76 <tbody>
77 {% for row in v2 %}
78 <tr>
79 <td>{{ row.nid }}</td>
80 <td>{{ row.host}}</td>
81 <td>{{ row.ip }}</td>
82 {# <td>{{ row.port }}</td>>#}
83 <td>{{ row.b_id }}</td>
84 <td>{{ row.b.caption }}</td>
85 {# <td>{{ row.b.code }}</td>#}
86 </tr>
87 {% endfor %}
88 </tbody>
89 </table>
90
91 <table border="1">
92 <thead>
93 <tr>
94 <th>主机ID</th>
95 <th>主机名</th>
96 <th>IP</th>
97 {# <th>端口号</th>#}
98 <th>业务线ID</th>
99 <th>业务线名</th>
100 {# <th>业务线code</th>#}
101 </tr>
102 </thead>
103 <tbody>
104 {% for row in v3 %}
105 <tr >
106 <td>{{ row.0 }}</td>
107 <td>{{ row.1 }}</td>
108 <td>{{ row.2 }}</td>
109 {# <td>{{ row.port }}</td>#}
110 <td>{{ row.3 }}</td>
111 <td>{{ row.4 }}</td>
112 {# <td>{{ row.b.code }}</td>#}
113 </tr>
114 {% endfor %}
115 </tbody>
116 </table>
117
118 {# 遮罩层#}
119 <div class="shade hide"></div>
120 {# 弹出层#}
121 <div class="content hide">
122 <form action="/host/" method="POST">
123 <div class="group">
124 <input type="text" placeholder="hostname" name="hostname" />
125 </div>
126 <div class="group">
127 <input type="text" placeholder="ip" name="ip" />
128 </div>
129 <div class="group">
130 <input type="text" placeholder="port" name="port" />
131 </div>
132 <div>
133 <select name="b_id">
134 {% for row in b_list %}
135 <option value="{{ row.id }}">{{ row.caption }}</option>
136 {% endfor %}
137
138 </select>
139 </div>
140
141 <p><input type="submit" value="提交" />
142 <input id="del" type="button" value="取消" /></p>
143 </form>
144 </div>
145
146 <script src="/static/jquery-1.12.4.js"></script>
147 <script>
148 $(function(){
149 $("#add_host").click(function () {
150 $(".shade,.content").removeClass("hide")
151 })
152
153 $("#del").click(function () {
154 $(".shade,.content").addClass("hide")
155 })
156 })
157
158 </script>
159 </body>
160 </html>
View Code
views.py
1 def host(request):
2 if request.method == "GET":
3 # v1 = models.Host.objects.all()
4 v1 = models.Host.objects.filter(nid__gt=0)
5 v2 = models.Host.objects.filter(nid__gt=0).values("nid","host","ip","b_id","b__caption")
6 v3 = models.Host.objects.filter(nid__gt=0).values_list("nid","host","ip","b_id","b__caption")
7
8 b_list=models.Biness.objects.all()
9
10
11 return render(request, "host.html", {"v1": v1,"v2":v2,"v3":v3,"b_list":b_list})
12 elif request.method == "POST":
13 h = request.POST.get("hostname")
14 i = request.POST.get("ip")
15 p = request.POST.get("port")
16 b = request.POST.get("b_id")
17 models.Host.objects.create(host=h,ip=i,port=p,b_id=b)
18
19 return redirect("/host")
View Code
使用ajax方式进行一对多的数据操作：
1 $("#add_ajax").click(function(){
2 $.ajax({
3 url:"/test_ajax/",
4 type:"POST",
5 data:{"hostname":$("#host").val(),"ip":$("#ip").val(),"port":$("#port").val(),"b_id":$("#sel").val()},
6 success:function(data){
7 var obj =JSON.parse(data);
8 if(obj.stauts){
9 location.reload()
10 }else{
11 $("#host_p").text(obj.error)
12 }
13 }
14 })
15 })
host.html
1 def test_ajax(request):
2
3 ret={"stauts":True,"error":None,"data":None}
4 try:
5 h = request.POST.get("hostname")
6 i = request.POST.get("ip")
7 p = request.POST.get("port")
8 b = request.POST.get("b_id")
9 # print(h,i,p,b)
10 if h and len(h) > 8:
11 models.Host.objects.create(host=h, ip=i, port=p, b_id=b)
12
13 else:
14 ret["stauts"]=False
15 ret["error"]="Lack of longth "
16
17 except Exception as e:
18 ret["stauts"] = False
19 ret["error"] = "this is error"
20
21 return HttpResponse(json.dumps(ret))
views
ajax更多：https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/csrf/#ajax
编辑一对多表实例：
1 <!DOCTYPE html>
2 <html lang="en">
3 <head>
4 <meta charset="UTF-8">
5 <title>Title</title>
6 <style>
7 .hide{
8 display: none;
9 }
10 .shade{
11 position: fixed;
12 top:0;
13 right: 0;
14 bottom: 0;
15 left: 0;
16 background-color: black;
17 opacity: 0.6;
18 z-index: 9;
19 }
20 .content,.edit_content{
21 position:fixed;
22 height: 300px;
23 width: 500px;
24 top:100px;
25 left: 50%;
26 background-color: white;
27 border: white 1px solid;
28 z-index: 10;
29 margin-left: -250px;
30 }
31 </style>
32 </head>
33 <body>
34 <div>
35 <input id="add_host" type="button" value="添加" />
36 </div>
37 <table border="1">
38 <thead>
39 <tr>
40 {# <th>主机ID</th>#}
41 <th>主机名</th>
42 <th>IP</th>
43 <th>端口号</th>
44 {# <th>业务线ID</th>#}
45 <th>业务线名</th>
46 <th>操作</th>
47 </tr>
48 </thead>
49 <tbody>
50 {% for row in v1 %}
51 <tr nid="{{ row.nid }}" bid="{{ row.b_id }}">
52 {# <td>{{ row.nid }}</td>#}
53 <td>{{ row.host }}</td>
54 <td>{{ row.ip }}</td>
55 <td>{{ row.port }}</td>
56 {# <td>{{ row.b_id }}</td>#}
57 <td>{{ row.b.caption }}</td>
58 <td>
59 <span class="edit">编辑</span>|<a href="/del_host?nid={{ row.nid }}">删除</a>
60 </td>
61 </tr>
62 {% endfor %}
63 </tbody>
64 </table>
65
66 {# <table border="1">#}
67 {# <thead>#}
68 {# <tr>#}
69 {# <th>主机ID</th>#}
70 {# <th>主机名</th>#}
71 {# <th>IP</th>#}
72 {# <th>端口号</th>#}
73 {# <th>业务线ID</th>#}
74 {# <th>业务线名</th>#}
75 {# <th>业务线code</th>#}
76 {# </tr>#}
77 {# </thead>#}
78 {# <tbody>#}
79 {# {% for row in v2 %}#}
80 {# <tr>#}
81 {# <td>{{ row.nid }}</td>#}
82 {# <td>{{ row.host}}</td>#}
83 {# <td>{{ row.ip }}</td>#}
84 {# <td>{{ row.port }}</td>>#}
85 {# <td>{{ row.b_id }}</td>#}
86 {# <td>{{ row.b.caption }}</td>#}
87 {# <td>{{ row.b.code }}</td>#}
88 {# </tr>#}
89 {# {% endfor %}#}
90 {# </tbody>#}
91 {# </table>#}
92 {##}
93 {# <table border="1">#}
94 {# <thead>#}
95 {# <tr>#}
96 {# <th>主机ID</th>#}
97 {# <th>主机名</th>#}
98 {# <th>IP</th>#}
99 {# <th>端口号</th>#}
100 {# <th>业务线ID</th>#}
101 {# <th>业务线名</th>#}
102 {# <th>业务线code</th>#}
103 {# </tr>#}
104 {# </thead>#}
105 {# <tbody>#}
106 {# {% for row in v3 %}#}
107 {# <tr >#}
108 {# <td>{{ row.0 }}</td>#}
109 {# <td>{{ row.1 }}</td>#}
110 {# <td>{{ row.2 }}</td>#}
111 {# <td>{{ row.port }}</td>#}
112 {# <td>{{ row.3 }}</td>#}
113 {# <td>{{ row.4 }}</td>#}
114 {# <td>{{ row.b.code }}</td>#}
115 {# </tr>#}
116 {# {% endfor %}#}
117 {# </tbody>#}
118 {# </table>#}
119
120 {# 遮罩层#}
121 <div class="shade hide"></div>
122 {# 弹出层#}
123 <div class="content hide">
124 <form action="/host/" method="POST">
125 <div class="group">
126 <input id="host" type="text" placeholder="hostname" name="hostname" />
127 <span id="host_p" style="color: red"></span>
128 </div>
129 <div class="group">
130 <input id="ip" type="text" placeholder="ip" name="ip" />
131 </div>
132 <div class="group">
133 <input id="port" type="text" placeholder="port" name="port" />
134 </div>
135 <div class="group">
136 <select id="sel" name="b_id">
137 {% for row in b_list %}
138 <option value="{{ row.id }}">{{ row.caption }}</option>
139 {% endfor %}
140 </select>
141 </div>
142
143 <p><input type="submit" value="提交" />
144 <a id="add_ajax" style="background-color: aqua">悄悄提交</a>
145 <input id="del" type="button" value="取消" /></p>
146 </form>
147 </div>
148
149 <div class="edit_content hide">
150 <form id="edit_form" action="/host/" method="POST">
151 <div><input type="text" name="nid" style="display: none" /></div>
152 <div>
153 <input type="text" placeholder="hostname" name="hostname" />
154 </div>
155 <div>
156 <input type="text" placeholder="ip" name="ip" />
157 </div>
158 <div>
159 <input type="text" placeholder="port" name="port" />
160 </div>
161 <div>
162 <select name="b_id">
163 {% for row in b_list %}
164 <option value="{{ row.id }}">{{ row.caption }}</option>
165 {% endfor %}
166 </select>
167 </div>
168
169 <p>
170 <a id="add_ajax_edit" style="background-color: aqua">确认编辑</a>
171 <input id="edit_del" type="button" value="取消" /></p>
172 </form>
173 </div>
174
175 <script src="/static/jquery-1.12.4.js"></script>
176 <script>
177 $(function(){
178 $("#add_host").click(function () {
179 $(".shade,.content").removeClass("hide")
180 });
181
182 $("#del").click(function () {
183 $(".shade,.content").addClass("hide")
184 });
185
186 $(".edit").click(function(){
187 $(".shade,.edit_content") .removeClass("hide");
188
189 var h = $(this).parent().parent().children().first().text();
190 $("#edit_form").find("input[name='hostname']").val(h);
191
192 var i = $(this).parent().parent().children().first().next().text();
193 $("#edit_form").find("input[name='ip']").val(i);
194
195 var p = $(this).parent().parent().children().first().next().next().text();
196 $("#edit_form").find("input[name='port']").val(p);
197
198 var bid = $(this).parent().parent().attr("bid");
199 $("#edit_form").find("select").val(bid);
200
201 var nid = $(this).parent().parent().attr("nid");
202 $("#edit_form").find("input[name='nid']").val(nid);
203
204
205 });
206
207 $("#edit_del").click(function () {
208 $(".shade,.edit_content").addClass("hide")
209 });
210
211 $("#add_ajax").click(function(){
212 $.ajax({
213 url:"/test_ajax/",
214 type:"POST",
215 data:{"hostname":$("#host").val(),"ip":$("#ip").val(),"port":$("#port").val(),"b_id":$("#sel").val()},
216 success:function(data){
217 var obj =JSON.parse(data);
218 if(obj.stauts){
219 location.reload()
220 }else{
221 $("#host_p").text(obj.error)
222 }
223 }
224 })
225 });
226
227 $("#add_ajax_edit").click(function(){
228 $.ajax({
229 url:"/test_ajax_edit/",
230 type:"POST",
231 {#data:{"hostname":$("#host").val(),"ip":$("#ip").val(),"port":$("#port").val(),"b_id":$("#sel").val()},#}
232 data:$("#edit_form").serialize(),
233 success:function(data){
234 var obj =JSON.parse(data);
235 if(obj.stauts){
236 location.reload()
237 }else{
238 $("#host_p").text(obj.error)
239 }
240 }
241 })
242 });
243 })
244 </script>
245 </body>
246 </html>
host.html
1 """s14day20 URL Configuration
2
3 The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
4 https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.0/topics/http/urls/
5 Examples:
6 Function views
7 1. Add an import: from my_app import views
8 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('', views.home, name='home')
9 Class-based views
10 1. Add an import: from other_app.views import Home
11 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('', Home.as_view(), name='home')
12 Including another URLconf
13 1. Import the include() function: from django.urls import include, path
14 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('blog/', include('blog.urls'))
15 """
16 from django.contrib import admin
17 from django.urls import path
18 from app01 import views
19
20 urlpatterns = [
21 path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
22 path('biness/', views.biness),
23 path('host/', views.host),
24 path('test_ajax/', views.test_ajax),
25 path('del_host/', views.del_host),
26 path('test_ajax_edit/', views.test_ajax_edit),
27 ]
url.py
1 from django.shortcuts import render,redirect,HttpResponse
2 import json
3
4 from app01 import models
5
6 # Create your views here.
7 def biness(request):
8 v1 = models.Biness.objects.all()
9
10 v2 = models.Biness.objects.all().values("id","caption")
11
12 v3 = models.Biness.objects.all().values_list("id","caption")
13
14 return render(request,"biness.html",{"v1":v1,"v2":v2,"v3":v3})
15
16 def host(request):
17 if request.method == "GET":
18 # v1 = models.Host.objects.all()
19 v1 = models.Host.objects.filter(nid__gt=0)
20 v2 = models.Host.objects.filter(nid__gt=0).values("nid","host","ip","b_id","b__caption")
21 v3 = models.Host.objects.filter(nid__gt=0).values_list("nid","host","ip","b_id","b__caption")
22
23 b_list=models.Biness.objects.all()
24
25
26 return render(request, "host.html", {"v1": v1,"v2":v2,"v3":v3,"b_list":b_list})
27 elif request.method == "POST":
28 h = request.POST.get("hostname")
29 i = request.POST.get("ip")
30 p = request.POST.get("port")
31 b = request.POST.get("b_id")
32 models.Host.objects.create(host=h,ip=i,port=p,b_id=b)
33
34 return redirect("/host")
35
36 def test_ajax(request):
37
38 ret={"stauts":True,"error":None,"data":None}
39 try:
40 h = request.POST.get("hostname")
41 i = request.POST.get("ip")
42 p = request.POST.get("port")
43 b = request.POST.get("b_id")
44 # print(h,i,p,b)
45 if h and len(h) > 8:
46 models.Host.objects.create(host=h, ip=i, port=p, b_id=b)
47
48 else:
49 ret["stauts"]=False
50 ret["error"]="Lack of longth "
51
52 except Exception as e:
53 ret["stauts"] = False
54 ret["error"] = "this is error"
55
56 return HttpResponse(json.dumps(ret))
57
58 def test_ajax_edit(request):
59 ret = {"stauts": True, "error": None, "data": None}
60 try:
61 id = request.POST.get("nid")
62 h = request.POST.get("hostname")
63 i = request.POST.get("ip")
64 p = request.POST.get("port")
65 b = request.POST.get("b_id")
66 # print(h,i,p,b)
67
68 models.Host.objects.filter(nid=id).update(host=h, ip=i, port=p, b_id=b)
69
70 except Exception as e:
71 ret["stauts"] = False
72 ret["error"] = "this is error"
73
74 return HttpResponse(json.dumps(ret))
75
76 def del_host(request):
77 nnid = request.GET.get("nid")
78 models.Host.objects.filter(nid=nnid).delete()
79 return redirect("/host/")
views.py
实现了编辑表内容和删除表数据，编辑时候显示正在编辑的数据。使用ajax编辑。
c.创建多对多数据
models.py
1 方法一： 自定义创建多对多
2 from django.db import models
3
4 # Create your models here.
5
6 class Biness(models.Model):
7 caption = models.CharField(max_length=32)
8 code = models.CharField(max_length=32,default="sa")
9
10 class Host(models.Model):
11 nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
12 host = models.CharField(max_length=32,db_index=True)
13 ip = models.GenericIPAddressField(db_index=True)
14 port = models.IntegerField()
15 b = models.ForeignKey(to="Biness",to_field="id",on_delete=models.CASCADE,)
16
17 class Application(models.Model):
18 name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
19
20
21 class HostToApp(models.Model):
22 nobj = models.ForeignKey("Host",to_field="nid",on_delete=models.CASCADE,)
23 aobj = models.ForeignKey("Application",to_field="id",on_delete=models.CASCADE,)
24
25 方法二：自动创建多对多
26 from django.db import models
27
28 # Create your models here.
29
30 class Biness(models.Model):
31 caption = models.CharField(max_length=32)
32 code = models.CharField(max_length=32,default="sa")
33
34 class Host(models.Model):
35 nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
36 host = models.CharField(max_length=32,db_index=True)
37 ip = models.GenericIPAddressField(db_index=True)
38 port = models.IntegerField()
39 b = models.ForeignKey(to="Biness",to_field="id",on_delete=models.CASCADE,)
40
41 class Application(models.Model):
42 name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
43
44 t = models.ManyToManyField("Host")
View Code
views.py
1 def app(request):
2
3 app_list = models.Application.objects.all()
4
5
6 return render(request,"app.html",{"app_list":app_list})
View Code
app.html
1 <!DOCTYPE html>
2 <html lang="en">
3 <head>
4 <meta charset="UTF-8">
5 <title>Title</title>
6 </head>
7 <body>
8 <h1>应用列表</h1>
9 <table border="1">
10 <thead>
11 <tr>
12 <th>应用名称</th>
13 <th>应用主机列表</th>
14 </tr>
15 </thead>
16 <tbody>
17 {% for row in app_list %}
18 <tr>
19 <td>{{ row.name }}</td>
20 <td>
21 {% for host in row.t.all %}
22 <span style="background-color: aqua ;display: inline-block;padding: 3px;">{{ host.ip }}</span>
23 {% endfor %}
24 </td>
25 </tr>
26 {% endfor %}
27 </tbody>
28 </table>
29 </body>
30 </html>
View Code
多对多增加、删除、编辑实例：
1 <!DOCTYPE html>
2 <html lang="en">
3 <head>
4 <meta charset="UTF-8">
5 <title>Title</title>
6 <style>
7 .hide{
8 display: none;
9 }
10 .shade{
11 position: fixed;
12 top:0;
13 right: 0;
14 bottom: 0;
15 left: 0;
16 background-color: black;
17 opacity: 0.6;
18 z-index: 9;
19 }
20 .content,.edit_content{
21 position:fixed;
22 height: 300px;
23 width: 500px;
24 top:100px;
25 left: 50%;
26 background-color: white;
27 border: white 1px solid;
28 z-index: 10;
29 margin-left: -250px;
30 }
31 </style>
32 </head>
33 <body>
34 <h1>应用列表</h1>
35 <div>
36 <input id="add_host" type="button" value="添加" />
37 </div>
38 <table border="1">
39 <thead>
40 <tr>
41 <th>应用名称</th>
42 <th>应用主机列表</th>
43 <th>操作</th>
44 </tr>
45 </thead>
46 <tbody>
47 {% for row in app_list %}
48 <tr aid="{{ row.id }}">
49 <td>{{ row.name }}</td>
50 <td>
51 {% for host in row.t.all %}
52 <span style="background-color: aqua ;display: inline-block;padding: 3px;" hid="{{ host.nid }}">{{ host.ip }}</span>
53 {% endfor %}
54 </td>
55 <td>
56 <span class="edit">编辑</span>|<a href="/del_app?nid={{ row.id }}">删除</a>
57 </td>
58 </tr>
59 {% endfor %}
60 </tbody>
61 </table>
62
63 {# 遮罩层#}
64 <div class="shade hide"></div>
65 {# 弹出层#}
66 <div class="content hide">
67 <form action="/app/" method="POST" id="add_form">
68 <div class="group">
69 <input id="app_name" type="text" placeholder="app_name" name="app_name" />
70 <span id="host_p" style="color: red"></span>
71 </div>
72 <div class="group">
73 <select id="ip_name" name="ip_name" multiple>
74 {% for row in host_list %}
75 <option value="{{ row.nid }}">{{ row.ip}}</option>
76 {% endfor %}
77 </select>
78 </div>
79
80 <p><input type="submit" value="提交" />
81 <input id="add_app_ajax" type="button" value="悄悄提交">
82 <input id="del" type="button" value="取消" />
83 </p>
84 </form>
85 </div>
86
87 <div class="edit_content hide">
88 <form id="edit_form" action="/app/" method="POST">
89 <div><input type="text" name="nid" style="display: none"/></div>
90 <div>
91 <input type="text" placeholder="app" name="app_name" />
92 </div>
93 <div>
94 <select id="edit_ip_name" name="edit_ip_name" multiple>
95 {% for row in host_list %}
96 <option value="{{ row.nid }}">{{ row.ip}}</option>
97 {% endfor %}
98 </select>
99 </div>
100
101 <p>
102 <input id="ajax_edit" type="button" value="确认编辑">
103 <input id="edit_del" type="button" value="取消" /></p>
104 </form>
105 </div>
106
107 <script src="/static/jquery-1.12.4.js"></script>
108 <script>
109 $(function(){
110 $("#add_host").click(function () {
111 $(".shade,.content").removeClass("hide")
112 });
113
114 $("#del").click(function () {
115 $(".shade,.content").addClass("hide")
116 });
117
118 $(".edit").click(function(){
119 $(".shade,.edit_content") .removeClass("hide");
120
121 var i = $(this).parent().parent().children().first().text();
122 $("#edit_form").find("input[name='app_name']").val(i);
123
124 var aid = $(this).parent().parent().attr("aid");
125 $("#edit_form").find("input[name='nid']").val(aid);
126
127 var hid_list=[];
128 $(this).parent().prev().children().each(function(){
129 var hid = $(this).attr("hid");
130 hid_list.push(hid)
131 });
132
133 $("#edit_form").find("select").val(hid_list);
134
135 });
136
137 $("#edit_del").click(function () {
138 $(".shade,.edit_content").addClass("hide")
139 });
140
141 $("#add_app_ajax").click(function () {
142 $.ajax({
143 url:"/app_ajax/",
144 type:"POST",
145 dataType:"JSON",
146 traditional:true,
147 data:$("#add_form").serialize(),
148 success:function(obj){
149 if(obj.stauts){
150 location.reload()
151 }else{
152 $("#host_p").text(obj.error)
153 }
154 }
155 })
156 });
157
158 $("#ajax_edit").click(function(){
159 $.ajax({
160 url:"/test_app_edit/",
161 type:"POST",
162 dataType:"JSON",
163 traditional:true,
164 data:$("#edit_form").serialize(),
165 success:function(obj){
166 if(obj.stauts){
167 location.reload()
168 }else{
169 $("#host_p").text(obj.error)
170 }
171 }
172 })
173 });
174 })
175 </script>
176 </body>
177 </html>
app.html
1 def del_app(request):
2 nnid = request.GET.get("nid")
3 models.Application.objects.filter(id=nnid).delete()
4
5 return redirect("/app/")
6
7 def app(request):
8 if request.method == "GET":
9 app_list = models.Application.objects.all()
10 host_list = models.Host.objects.all()
11
12 return render(request,"app.html",{"app_list":app_list,"host_list":host_list})
13 elif request.method == "POST":
14 app_name = request.POST.get("app_name")
15 ip_name = request.POST.getlist("ip_name")
16 print(app_name,ip_name)
17
18 obj = models.Application.objects.create(name=app_name)
19 obj.t.add(*ip_name)
20
21 return redirect("/app/")
22
23 def app_ajax(request):
24 ret ={"stauts":True,"error":None,"data":None}
25 try:
26 app_name = request.POST.get("app_name")
27 ip_name = request.POST.getlist("ip_name")
28 print(app_name,ip_name)
29
30 obj = models.Application.objects.create(name=app_name)
31 obj.t.add(*ip_name)
32 except Exception as e:
33 ret["stauts"] = False
34 ret["error"] = "this is error"
35
36 return HttpResponse(json.dumps(ret))
37
38 def test_app_edit(request):
39 ret = {"stauts": True, "error": None, "data": None}
40 try:
41 id = request.POST.get("nid")
42 name = request.POST.get("app_name")
43 ip_list = request.POST.getlist("edit_ip_name")
44 print(id,name,ip_list)
45
46 obj = models.Application.objects.get(id =id)
47 obj.name = name
48
49 obj.t.set(ip_list)
50 obj.save()
51 except Exception as e:
52 ret["stauts"] = False
53 ret["error"] = "this is error"
54
55 return HttpResponse(json.dumps(ret))
views.py
*******************************To Be Continue************************************
